Atm Can Be Considered in Which of the Following Wan Categories?

1. ISDN is considered to be what type of WAN connection?

   C. Circuit-switched connection

2. What is the data rate of an OC-iii connexion?

   B. 155.52 Mbps

3. Which of the following WAN technologies usually use unshielded twisted pair (UTP)? (Choose 3.)

   a. Cable modem
   b. ISDN
   c. DSL modem
   d. POTS dial-up modem

   • b. ISDN
   • c. DSL modem
   • d. POTS punch-up modem

4. How many channels on an E1 excursion are available for voice, video, or data?

   D. thirty

5. Which PPP hallmark method provides ane-mode hallmark and sends credentials in clear text?

   B. PAP

6. What DSL variant has a altitude limitation of 18,000 ft. between a DSL modem and its DSLAM?

   B. ADSL

7. What kind of network is used by many cable companies to service their cable modems and contains both fiber-optic and coaxial cabling?

   A. HFC

8. What locally significant identifier is used by a Frame Relay network to reference a virtual circuit?

   C. DLCI

9. How large is the payload portion of an ATM cell?

   C. 48 bytes

10. What is the size of an MPLS header?

    A. 32 bits

11. What are the 3 categories of WAN connections?

    • Dedicated leased line
    • Excursion-switched connection
    • Packet-switched connection

12. What is a defended leased line?

    A connection interconnecting two sites.

13. Which WAN connection category is the most expensive and why?

    B. Dedicated leased line - because the user does not take to share the connectedness with other users.

14. What is a bundle-switched connection?

    Similar to a dedicated leased line except parcel-switched connections allow multiple users to share the bandwidth.

15. Is an ATM connection a bundle-switched connection?

    No, because it is a fixed prison cell length 53 bytes cells and not a variable length frame.

16. Which are fast WAN links or LAN links?

    A. WAN links
    B. LAN links

    B. LAN links

17. Bandwidth is measured in kbps, Mbps, Gbps.  How are optical networks measured.

    Optical Carrier (OC)

18. What are OC speeds?

    • OC-ane - 51.84 Mbps
    • OC-3 is 155.52 Mbps (3x the speed of OC-1).

19. What are bandwidths of some common WAN technologies?

    • WAN                              Typical Bandwidth
    • Technology

    
    

    • Frame relay                    56Kbps to one.544Mbps
    • T1                                   1.54Mbps
    • T3                                   44.736Mbps
    • E1                                   2.048 Mbps
    • E3                                   34.4Mbps
    • ATM                                155Mbps to 622Mbps
    • SONET                           51.84Mbps to 159.25Gbps

20. What speeds tin Long-Term Evolution (LTE) back up apropos wireless and cell telephone technology?

    100Mbps for mobile usage and 1Gbps for stationary devices.

21. What are the two major radio systems used with cellular applied science?

    • Code partition multiple access (CDMA)
    • Global System for Mobiles (GSM)

22. What is WiMAX?

    Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX).

23. What is HSPA+?

    Loftier-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) - Max data rate is 84Mbps.

24. How conversations broken up in a T1, E1, T3 and E3 digital circuit?

    Conversations are broken upwards into 64Kbps channels, where a single 64Kbps channel is called a Digital Signal 0 (DS0).

25. What is the mutual protocol used with dedicated leased lines?

    Point-to-Signal Protocol (PPP)

26. What is the name of the device where T1, E1, T3, E3 circuits terminate?

    Channel service unit/information service unit (CSU/DSU).

27. What blazon of connector is used to terminate a CSU/DSU

    RJ48C connector - 10 metal connectors instead of 8 independent in RJ45 connector.

    

28. Break down a T1 circuit.

    • Composed of 24 DS0s chosen DS1.
    • Bandwidth is 1.544Mbps.
    • T1 frame is 193 bits = 24 channels 64Kbps (DS0) * viii bits per aqueduct + i framing bit = 24*8=192 +one = 193
    • Nyquist Theoram requires 8000 samples per second for Voice comms (or at least twice the highest frequency of 4000 Hz).
    • Full bandwidth is 193 bit frames * 8000 samples per second = ane.544Mbps.

29. What are two pop methods for grouping T1 frames, where multiple groups are sent at once?

    • Super Frame - Combines 12 standard 193 bit frames
    • Extended Super Frame - Combines 24 standard 193 bit frames.

30. What places utilize T1 circuits?

    • North America
    • Japan

31. Explicate and E1 circuit.

    • E1 circuit has 32 channles.
    • Only 30 of the 32 channels are used to transmit data
    • First channel is used for framing and sychronization
    • The sevententh aqueduct is a Layer 4 (Session).  It sets up, maintains, and tears down a telephone call.
    • E1 bandwidth is ii.048Mbps (8000 samples per second * 8 bits per samples = 2,048,000 $.25 per second).

32. Explicate a T3 circuit.

    Similar to a T1, T3 combines 672 DS0s into a single connection called a DS3 with a bandwidth of 44.7Mbps.

33. Explain E3 circuit.

    • Bandwidth is 34.4Mbps.
    • Misnomer is E3 is greater than the bandwidth of T3 because E1 is greater than a T1, but E1 44.7Mbps is larger than E3 34.4Mbps.

34. CSU/DSU is a device on what layer?

    D. Layer 1 (Physical Layer)

35. What are the 3 challenge types of Point-to-Bespeak Protocol (PPP)?

    • Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
    • Challenge-Handshake Hallmark Protocol (CHAP)
    • Microsoft Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP)

36. What layer of the OSI model does a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) operate?

    Layer ane (physical layer) considering its media is fiber optic.

37. What are the two classifications of an Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)?

    • Basic Charge per unit Interface (BRI)
    • Main Rate Interface (PRI)

38. What is the basic construction of a BRI and PRI circuit?

    • Basic charge per unit interface (BRI)  - Ii 64Kbps B-channels and one 16Kbps D aqueduct
    • Chief rate interface (PRI) - ISDN circuit built on a T1 or E1 circuit.

39. Break down a PRI circuit structure.

    A principal rate interface circuit is built on a T1/E1 excursion.  T1 ckt has 24 channels (23 B-channels and one 64Kbps D channel).  The D-channel is the Session Layer (Layer 4) channel that sets up, maintains, and tears downwards the connections.

40. Describe the fields that brand upward an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) header.

    • ATM header is 5 bytes in length
    • GFC (Generic Catamenia Control) - uses four bits to locally indicate a congestion condition.
    • VCI (Virtual Circuit Identifier) - uses 16 $.25 to bespeak VC.
    • VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) - uses 8 $.25 to id an ATM virtual path.
    • PTI (Payload Type Indicator) - uses 3 bits to indicate the type of payload being carried in a prison cell.
    • HEC (Header Error Command) - uses eight $.25 to find and right errors in an ATM jail cell header.

41. What is MPLS?

    Multiprotocol Characterization Switching is a WAN technology used past service providers.  It is pop considering information technology supports multiple protocols on the same network.

42. What layer of the OSI model does a MPLS header operate?

    Betwixt Layer two (Information Link Layer) and Layer 3 (Network Layer).

43. What is the size of an MPLS header?

    The Multiprotocol Label Switching header or shim header is 32 bits.

44. What are the elements of MPLS

    • CPE (Client Premise Equipment) - resides at client'southward site which connects to the MPLS provider.
    • CE (Client Edge) - customer router that provides connectivity between the client network and service provider.
    • ELSR (Border Label Switch Router) - resides at the edge of an MPLS service provider'due south cloud and interconnects to multiple customers.
    • PE (Provider Edge) - MPLS service provider router that connects to a customer's router.
    • LSR (Label Switch Router) - resides a function of a service provider'south MPLS cloud and makes forwarding decisions based on labels applied to frames.
    • P (Provider) - internal service provider router.  Does non interface with customer routers.

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Source: https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/339622/preview/network-chapter-7

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